F285
Grain Overload (Acidosis)

Introduction: Often this problem is diagnosed because the producer observes or knows the animal has consumed excessive amounts of concentrates. When excess grain is consumed, the pH of the rumen decreases and becomes more acidic. This change in pH causes certain bugs (protozoa, bacteria) to die off, while others tend to proliferate.

Clinical Signs:

  1. At first, the animal may be lethargic, off feed, and even bloated.
  2. The animal might have diarrhea.
  3. As the problem progresses, the oral membranes can become pale due to toxic shock.
  4. In severe cases, the animal may be down and unable to rise.
  5. Lameness or low butterfat on a herd wide basis may be the only sign noticed.

Diagnosis:
  1. Obtain a rumen sample:
  1. The most accurate way of testing pH is to perform a rumenocentesis. Taking a rumen sample by rumenocentesis requires the help of a veterinarian.
  2. Another way of obtaining a rumen sample involves passing an oral tube into the rumen and withdrawing a sample. This method is not as accurate as taking a direct sample from the rumen by rumenocentesis (rumen tap). Once obtained, the sample can be tested using a pH meter or strip.
  3. A final, and probably the least accurate way of measuring pH, is by sampling the fresh manure of the animal. This is done by using a pH meter or strip.
  1. A rumen pH of less than 5.5 indicates an acidosis problem.

Treatment:

  1. For very mild cases of acidosis, Magnalax or Polyox boluses can be used.
  2. For any other cases, an oral tube should be placed in the rumen and the following should be administered to the animal:
  1. Banamine can be given according to recommendations. See page H60.
  2. Activated charcoal is also beneficial.
  3. Give IV sodium bicarbonate and fluids.  See page F143.
  4. In some cases, antihistamines should be given.
  5. If the above treatments do not seem to resolve the problem, blood work or rumenotomy may be required.

* Before initiating any treatment, CONSULT A VETERINARIAN!